Calculations of Earth Surface Deformation Due to Oil Extraction in Southern Iraq Using DInSAR
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Abstract
Oil extraction is a crucial industry for Iraq, significantly contributing to the country's economy, particularly in Basra Governorate. However, intensive extraction activities can lead to ground deformation, manifesting as subsidence and uplifts, which may impact infrastructure and the environment. This study investigates ground deformations caused by oil extraction in the Rumaila oilfield, one of Iraq's major oil-producing areas, located in southern Iraq. The study employed Differential Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (DInSAR) techniques using Sentinel-1 SAR data from the European Space Agency. To analyze these deformations, DInSAR allows for precise measurement of surface deformation by calculating displacement differences between pairs of SAR images over time, making it an effective tool for monitoring subtle ground movements. The Rumaila oilfield, which consists of northern and southern sections, was chosen due to its high oil production and its significance to Iraq's economy. The results revealed significant deformation in the Rumaila oilfield, with a subsidence rate that ranged between -1.53 and -1.64 m over six years. The southern Rumaila oilfield displayed more substantial deformation (-1.64 m), which represents the maximum, correlating with higher extraction rates, while the northern field exhibited relatively minor deformation due to lower extraction levels. This distinction highlights the impact of extraction intensity on ground stability within the field.
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© 2023 The Author(s). Published by the College of Science, University of Baghdad. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
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