Design and Implementation of a Patch Antenna Mobile Devices Treated Using Nd:YAG Laser to Improve Its Performance for Wireless Links

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Received: Oct. 08, 2025 Revised:  Feb. 24, 2025 Accepted:Mar. 03, 2025 Published: 01-03-2026
DOI: https://doi.org/10.30723/ijp.v24i1.1379
Keywords:
E-shaped Patch Antenna, Bluetooth, Nd: YAG Laser, 5G, Bandwidth

Main Article Content

Sarah Y. Khoudair
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
Ali Hassan Khidhir
Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq

Abstract

This paper presents the design and implementation of an E-shaped microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication. The antenna features several advantages, including low volume, low profile, easy mounting, lightweight construction, and low fabrication cost. It operates at 3.2 and 3.4 GHz, using an FR4 substrate with a dielectric constant of 4.3 and a thickness of 1.4 mm. The design incorporates two parallel slots to perturb the surface current patch. The E-shaped antenna achieves return losses of -13 dB and -16 dB at the operating frequencies of 3.2 and 3.4 GHz, respectively. The design and simulation were conducted using CST software, with coaxial probe feeding employed. Furthermore, this study investigates the effect of surface roughness on the absorption of the radiation line of the implemented antenna, which was treated using a Nd:YAG laser by bombarding the radiation line of the desired antenna in order to gradually reduce the surface roughness, as this improved the work performance of the antenna at the resonant frequencies of 3.2 and 3.4 GHz. After treatment, the antenna exhibited return losses of -15.7 dB and -20 dB at 3.2 and 3.4 GHz, respectively. These qualities highlight the potential of the Nd:YAG laser-treated inverted E-shaped antenna for enhancing the performance of wireless communication systems.

Received: Oct. 08, 2025 Revised:  Feb. 24, 2025 Accepted:Mar. 03, 2025

Article Details

Issue

Vol. 24 No. 1 (2026)

Section

Articles
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

© 2023 The Author(s). Published by the College of Science, University of Baghdad. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. 

How to Cite

1.
Khoudair SY, Khidhir AH. Design and Implementation of a Patch Antenna Mobile Devices Treated Using Nd:YAG Laser to Improve Its Performance for Wireless Links. IJP [Internet]. 2026 Mar. 1 [cited 2026 Mar. 1];24(1):55-64. Available from: https://www.ijp.uobaghdad.edu.iq/index.php/physics/article/view/1379

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